Int. reproductive phases (including panicle initiation and heading stages). Brown rice consists mainly of the embryo and endosperm. J. Mol. Most of our current knowledge on initia-tion and morphogenesis of flowers is derived from analysis A mini-plot 15 N-labelled test was performed at the same position in each of the plots. ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access The Initiation of Inferior Grain Filling is Affected by Sugar Translocation Efficiency in Large Panicle Rice Lin Chen1,2,3,4*, Yao Deng1,2, Honglei Zhu1,2, Yuxiang Hu1,2, Zhengrong Jiang1,2, She Tang1,2,3, Shaohua Wang1,2,3 and Yanfeng Ding1,2,3,4* Abstract and sawdust were applied ten days before rice seedlings transplantation, while DAP was used during puddling operation as a basal dressing. A recessive mutation, fzp (frizzy panicle) expresses an abnormal panicle duplicating infinite branching of the ra-chis without transition to the floral initiation stage (Mackill et al. SeMet was also the main Se-species found in different subcellular parts at the panicle initiation stage. RNA-Seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of two rice hybrids, Ajay (based on wild-abortive (WA)-cytoplasm) and Rajalaxmi (based on Kalinga-cytoplasm), and their respective parents at the panicle initiation (PI) and grain filling (GF) stages. Soil salinity is a serious constraint to Keywords Rice Salt stress Panicle initiation Microarray Introduction Rice is one of the most economically important crops of the world. But what ex-actly is PI and why is it so impor-tant? Around 293 and 302 million high quality pa … Reproductive phase • The first sign that the rice plant is getting ready to enter its reproductive phase is a bulging of the leaf stem that conceals the developing panicle, called the ‘booting’ stage. The main crops were subjected to drought by draining the field when the first genotypes entered panicle initiation stage at 59, 51, and 53 d after final sowing in 2017DS, 2017WS, and 2018DS, respectively. Most varieties take 50–55 days from panicle initiation to harvest. Heat events will occur at all stages during the reproductive phase of rice as a result of global warming. panicle initiation, booting and heading stage) over each pot. Sci. Moreover, transgenic rice plants can be rela- ... in the vegetative apical meristem at a very early stage of panicle development (Fig. Rice yields can be reduced by up to 50% when grown under moderate (6 dS m–1) salinity levels (Zeng et al. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), chilling-induced male sterility increased when plants experienced low water temperature (T w, 18 °C for 14 d) before panicle initiation. 2020 , 21 , 1080 7 of 17 Int. Y-Leaf If the rice is sown directly (broadcast), the two stages combined are called the vegetative stage. We talk about topdressing and rice being now at the panicle initiation (PI) stage. KEGG pathway incident of panicle initiation and grain filling stage in Rajalaxmi hybrid. under control and stressed conditions during PI stage. Then the tip of the developing panicle emerges from the stem and continues to grow. It is some­ times referred to as the green ring stage in rice (Figure 1-5). panicle initiation stage, flowering stage, milk stage and hard dough stage from 3 0 randomly selected plants/plot. Vegetative stage includes the tillering. Photosynthesis is a major process for determining plant growth and development. ... growth.The rice plant is susceptible to salinity especially at the seedling stage and during the panicle development stage from panicle initiation to booting. inflorescence meristem to produce panicle. The method of estimating the developmental stage necessary to prevent and analyze the cool damage in rice plants using meteorological elements was examined. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging was applied to rice plants at the panicle initiation stage to estimate nitrogen content. Se speciation assays showed that SeCys and SeMet were the two main forms found in rice, of which SeMet accounted for 65.5%–100% in the ears and leaves, while SeCys accounted for 61.4%–75.6% in brown rice. Panicle Initiation and Differentiation Around this time of year we start seeing rice changing from the vegetative phase into the reproduc-tive one. Sci. This difference can easily be noticed when examining sections of the stem from above and below the panicle initiation point. At this point, the panicle is not visible to the naked eye. 2001, 2003). Of all the yield com-ponents, the number of panicles per unit area is the most easily ... tillering stage and triggers panicle initiation or reproduc-tive growth. It is when the actual panicle (terminal flowering head) begins to form in the base of the stem. The Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value was used as a reference data that indirectly reflects the nitrogen status in rice. Heading date is characterized together by the vegetative growth phase i.e., the time period from germination to panicle initiation and the reproductive phase, meaning the time period from panicle initiation to heading . Urea fertilizer was broadcasted at three stages (50% as a top dress before the maximum tillering stage, 25% as a top dress at the panicle initiation stage, and 25% at the flowering stage). The study was designed to evaluate salinity tolerance at panicle initiation stage and characterize the genetic diversity in a set of rice genotypes with different adaptation to saline soil using microsatellite markers (SSR markers). Among weed management Direct seeding of rice in the Indo nutrient in determining the level of cro productivity of upland rice (Angiras, 2002) ... competition to the crop in early stage and cause heavy reduction in rice yield. Box 3127, MCPO 1271, Makati, Philippines; and *Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsul"ltOka, 997-8555 Japan J. Mol. The number of mature pollen grains after chilling at the booting stage (12 °C for 5 d) was only 45% of total pollen grains in low-T w plants, whereas it was 71% in normal-T w plants (T RNA-Seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of two rice hybrids, Ajay (based on wild-abortive (WA)-cytoplasm) and Rajalaxmi (based on Kalinga-cytoplasm), and their respective parents at the panicle initiation (PI) and grain filling (GF) stages. 2020 , 21 , x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 16 Marker based Genetic Diversity of Rice Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance at Panicle Initiation Stage. Panicle initiation is the stage about 25 days before heading when the panicle has grown to about 1 mm long and can be recognized visually or under magnification following stem dissection. N basal + ¼ N at active tillering stage + ¼ N at panicle initiation stage. genomic studies. Waxy Rice – rice whose starch contains less than 2 percent amylose. The temperature plays important roles in plant photosynthesis. accompanied with panicle branch initiation ... analyses of the rice genome and cDNAs have rapidly pro-gressed (2, 3). Width, Kernel – the distance across the kernel at the widest point. Flowering is characterized by the exsertion of the first rice panicle in the crop . Panicle initiation (PI) is a growth stage that represents the start of the reproductive phase in rice development. Therefore, fine-tuning of meristem phase change at reproductive stage defines the size and architecture of the rice panicle (1). Jump to Content Jump to Main Navigation. Panicle Initiation (PI) – is the time when the panicle premordia initiate the production of a panicle in the uppermost node of the culm. The reproductive phase of rice goes from PI to anthesis, and dur- reproductive stage: 1. Seeds The rice grain, commonly called a seed, consists of the true fruit or brown rice (caryopsis) and the hull, which encloses the brown rice. The acquired images were divided into two … Rice panicle mor-phology is largely determined by the timing of identity transition among the different types of meristems (SI Appendix,Fig.S1). Thus, this research aimed to study the temperature response of PSII efficiency in different Thai recommended rice cultivars at panicle initiation (PI) stage. Furthermore, some rice mutants affecting panicle formation or grain number have been re-ported. 2 B and C), then it started to The rice pictured above shows the rice plant on the left with a droopy panicle axis, and the rice plant on the rigth with a straight panicle axis. RNA-Seq technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of two rice hybrids, Ajay (based on wild-abortive (WA)-cytoplasm) and Rajalaxmi (based on Kalinga-cytoplasm), and their respective parents at the panicle initiation (PI) and grain filling (GF) stages. In rice, panicle and flower development is under environmental and genetic control; development of a mature flower from the stage of panicle initiation occurs in a step-wise manner over a four to five week period (Hoshikawa 1989). amined rice panicle traits. Tillering means that several stems develop on one plant (Figure 22). Mid season or reproductive stage: from panicle initiation to flowering; duration approximately one month. 1991, Komatsu et al. Spikelet anthesis (or flowering) begins with panicle exertion (heading), or on the following day. Panicle initiation is the second best time to apply nitrogen to a rice crop with pre-permanent water being the most efficient. The aim of the drought stress treatment was to result in drying of the emerged panicles and for grain filling in those panicles to be aborted. 2002). Soil Sci. beginning of the reproductive stage which occurs upon initiation of the panicle primordial. SeMet was also the main Se-species found in different subcellular parts at the panicle initiation stage. We developed a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model that incorporated both the reflectance and growing degree-days (GDD) to account for differences in growing temperature conditions across a 3-year period. Moreover, rice yield traits respond differently to heat stress during panicle initiation, flowering and grain filling. ‘Panicle fertilizer’ is the fertilizer aiming to promote and protect spikelet and applied at panicle growth stage in rice. The redu … Rice Growth and Development Introduction ... the tillers are shaded out and die shortly after panicle initiation (PI) and therefore do not produce panicles. Plant Nutr.. 48 (2), 151-158, 2002 Water Uptake under Water Stress at Panicle Initiation Stage in Upland Rice as Affected by Previous Soil Water Regimes Kanako Okada!, Motohiko Kondo2, Ho Ando*, and Ken-ichi Kakuda* International Rice Research Institute, P.O. Browse Titles Subjects SUBSCRIPTIONS AUTHORS LIBRARIANS ABOUT FAQ During its reproductive phase, rice is susceptible to heat stress.

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