Article 92 invests the king with the right to call for referendum on the advice of the president and the previous authorization of Congress. Enepekides, `Das Wiener Testament des Andreas Palaiologos vom 7 April 1502', Akten des XI Internationalen Byzantinisten Kongresses, München 1958, ed. [57][incomplete short citation]. Though the Spanish monarchy is independent of the government, it is important that royal speeches are compatible with government foreign policy to project a unified diplomatic effort. Spain's King Felipe VI is in quarantine. In the early 16th century, the Spanish monarchy passed to the House of Habsburg under King Charles I (also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles V), son of Queen Joanna of Castile. When the media asked King Juan Carlos if he would endorse the 2005 bill legalizing gay marriages (the implication being that he may not endorse the bill), he answered "Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica" ("I am the King of Spain, not of Belgium") – a reference to King Baudouin I of Belgium who had refused to sign the Belgian law legalising abortion in Belgium.[49]. [1] The monarchy comprises the reigning monarch, his or her family, and the royal household organization which supports and facilitates the monarch in the exercise of his duties and prerogatives. [2], No provision within the constitution invests the king with the ability to veto legislation directly; however, no provision prohibits the king from withholding royal assent, effectively a veto. For other uses, see, ruling monarchy in the Kingdom of Spain since the arrival of Felipe V, Second Spanish Republic and Regime of Francisco Franco, The Crown, constitution, and royal prerogatives, The king, the government, and the Cortes Generales, Royal assent, judiciary, and promulgation of the laws, Charitable, cultural, and religious patronage, Constitution of Spain 1978, Title II, Article 56, Subsection 2 and amended by Royal Decree 1368/1987, dated 6 November, According to historian Charles Powell, the term. ... Spain’s King Juan Carlos Leaves Queen Sofia To … The debate on amending the Crown's succession law came to the forefront on 31 October 2005, when Infanta Leonor was born to the current King and Queen of Spain. Spain's King Felipe VI is in quarantine. [71] Observers credit the king with easing tensions between Spain's former government of José Zapatero and the George W. Bush administration, while also helping to resolve disputes in Latin America. Members of the royal family are often invited by non-profit charitable, cultural, or religious organizations within Spain or internationally to become their patrons, a role the Spanish constitution recognizes. Recognised by at least one United Nations member. A prince consort, the husband of a queen regnant, will have the style "His Royal Highness" (Su Alteza Real). [27] As a general rule, most titles are now inherited by absolute Cognatic Primogeniture (as of 2006), in which the first born inherits all titles regardless of gender. [1] The king reconciled long standing historic tensions with the Netherlands and cultivated relationships with France and Germany which led directly to Spain's entry into the European Community and into NATO. [103], The king, queen, and Infanta Cristina are all members of the Bilderberg Group, an informal think-tank centered on United States and European relations, and other world issues.[104][105][106]. In spite of the high positions that we hold in life, it will always be vital to know we also have duties to perform and obedience always involves real honour [...] We have to build a closely united family, without fissures or contradictions, we must not forget that on all and on each one of us are fixed the eyes of Spaniards whom we should serve with body and soul. The royal household coordinates with various government administration ministries, and receives their advice and support where needed, though in no way does the royal household form part of the government administration. [109] In 2011 the king addressed the perennial critique of the monarchy; that of how the annual budget awarded to the monarchy and royal household is spent. The king's ranks include Captain General of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. [107] King Juan Carlos usually referred to social or economic challenges facing the nation as well as positive messages of charity, good will, and religious faith. [1][51] According to historian Charles Powell, it was the king's goal to win Spain's full acceptance by other European powers. The House of Borbón-Anjou, or simply House of Borbón (Spanish: Casa de Borbón), is the reigning royal house of the Kingdom of Spain.The current Spanish royal family consists of the present king, King Felipe VI, the queen consort, Queen Letizia, their children Leonor, Princess of Asturias and Infanta Sofía of Spain, and the king's parents, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. "[97] The Prince of Asturias Foundation holds annual awards ceremonies acknowledging the contributions of individuals, entities, and organizations which make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, or public affairs. The king's speeches are generally reflective of the king's views and reviewed by the king before an event. [19] The government consists of the President of the Government and ministers of state. "King of Spain" redirects here. [2][5] According to the constitution, the monarch is also instrumental in promoting relations with the "nations of its historical community". The King exercises Supreme Command of the Armed Forces and other powers regarding national defense that are provided for in the constitution and other laws. The King is Head of State, the symbol of its unity and permanence. Faced with unrest in the cities, Alfonso XIII went into exile, but did not abdicate. Born on December 16, 1485, in Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid), Spain, Catherine of Aragon was the youngest daughter of the monarchs who had united the country, King … However, if no overall majority was obtained on the first vote of confidence, then the same nominee and program is resubmitted for a second vote within forty-eight hours. Sofía (born 2 November 1938) was Queen consort of Spain during the reign of her husband, King Juan Carlos I, from 1975 to 2014.Born Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Σοφία), she is the first child of King Paul of Greece and Frederica of Hanover.As her family was forced into exile during the Second World War, she spent part of her childhood in Egypt, returning to Greece in 1946. [27] Succession of titles may follow one of several courses listed on the Title of Concession when the title is created. The sea route he established between paved the way for the Spanish conquest of much of the Americas. Their daughters, Leonor and Sofía, were born in 2005 and 2007 respectively. The possible unification of Spain with France, the two big European powers at the time, sparked the Spanish War of Succession in the 18th century, culminating in the treaties of Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714), which preserved the European balance of power. [2][22] These additional titles include Prince of Viana, historically associated with the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Navarre; with the titles Prince of Girona and Duke of Montblanc historically associated with the heir apparent for the Crown of Aragon, among others. The Person of the King of Spain is inviolable and shall not be held accountable. Succession to the throne shall follow the regular order of primogeniture and representation, the first line having preference over subsequent lines; and within the same line the closer grade over the more remote; and within the same grade the male over female, and in the same sex, the elder over the younger. Though elephant hunting is legal on the game preserve in Botswana, the World Wildlife Fund lists elephants as an endangered species, and the public outcry led to the WWF to strip the king of his honorary patronage in July, 2012. A list of kings and queens regnant of Spain is provided in the table. When confirming with the Foreign Ministry, the speeches are reviewed so that they are largely general in nature and politically neutral in terms of specific policies followed by the government. The concept of lèse majesté (lesa majestad) exists in Spanish jurisprudence, which is the crime or offense violating the dignity of the head-of-state or the State itself. As Joanna's son, Charles I (the future Holy Roman EmperorCharles V), did not want to be merely a regent, he proclaimed himself king of Castile and Aragon jointly with his mother. The territories of the Spanish empire overseas were dependencies of the crown of Castile, and Castile had an outsize influence there. The Jiménez rulers sought to bring their kingdoms into the European mainstream and often engaged in cross-Pyrenees alliances and marriages, and became patrons to Cluniac Reforms (c. 950–c.1130). [109] The budget approved by the Cortes for 2010 was just under 7.4 million euros, a budget only slightly larger than that spent on the Luxembourg monarchy. The ensuing provisional government evolved into the relatively short-lived Second Spanish Republic. To exercise the right of clemency in accordance with the law, which may not authorize general pardons. Seventy-two per cent thought the monarchy was an important factor for political stability. [2][3] The Spanish monarchy is currently represented by King Felipe VI, Queen Letizia, and their daughters Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infanta Sofía. HQ we thought we'd take a look back at their stunning wedding in … Prior to 1479 the separate regions of Spain: Aragon, Asturias, Castile, Galicia, Leon and Navarre had their own kings and queens and were independent of each other. [2][109] According to the Royal Household, "[T]he purpose of these resources is to ensure that the Head of State may carry out his tasks with the independence which is inherent to his constitutional functions, as well as with due effectiveness and dignity". However, without a king on the throne, he ruled through a coalition of allied organizations from the Spanish Civil War including, but not limited to, the Falange political party, the supporters of the Bourbon royal family, and the Carlists, until his death in 1975. [20], Constitutionally the king accredits Spanish ambassadors to international states and governments, and foreign representatives to Spain are accredited before him. [73] Despite public knowledge of the king's interest in hunting,[79][80][81][82][83] the image this time contrasted sharply with his patronage of the Spanish branch of the conservation group World Wildlife Fund. [2][16] The office of Regent(s) and the Guardianship of the monarch (whether the monarch is in his minority or incapacitated) may not necessarily be the same person. The website lists biographical information on members of the immediate royal family, charts their activities, records speeches given at events, and publishes their expected diary of upcoming events, among other information. In 2004, the speech was highly related to the 2004 Madrid train bombings; in 2006 he talked about the need to become a united nation against terrorism (in implicit support of Zapatero's anti-terrorist policies), and he mentioned the increasing force of immigrants in Spain and appreciated their contribution to the economy. Conversely, nominating the party leader whose party maintains a plurality and who are already familiar with their party manifesto facilitates a smoother nomination process. The most distinguished order the king may award is the Order of Charles III to "citizens who, with their effort, initiative and work, have brought a distinguished and extraordinary service to the Nation". King Felipe and Queen Letizia of Spain celebrated their 16th wedding anniversary on 22 May 2020, so at HELLO! Spanish Baroque was similar to Italian Baroque but with a greater emphasis on surface decorations. Royals use their considerable celebrity to assist the organization to raise funds or to affect or promote government policy. Juro/Prometo, por mi conciencia y honor, cumplir fielmente las obligaciones del cargo de Presidente del Gobierno con lealtad al Rey, guardar y hacer guardar la Constitución como norma fundamental del Estado, así como mantener el secreto de las deliberaciones del Consejo de Ministros. The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 and ended on 1 April 1939 with the victory of General Francisco Franco and his coalition of allied organizations commonly referred to as the Nationalists. The role of the Spanish monarch in the chain of command of the forces is established by the constitution of 1978, and other statutory law – Acts of Parliament, Royal Decrees etc.[2]. Ferdinand of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile in Valladolid, thus beginning a cooperative reign that would unite all the dominions of Spain and elevate the nation to a dominant world power. A royal presence often greatly raises the profile of the organization and attracts public interest and media coverage that the organization may not have otherwise garnered, aiding in the charitable cause or cultural event. [24][25][26], The monarch's position as the fount of honour within Spain is codified in Article 62 (f); It is incumbent upon the monarch to "confer civil and military positions and award honors and distinctions in conformity of the law". [109] The annual budget pays the remunerations for senior management staff, management staff and career civil servants, other minor staffing positions, and for general office expenses. Felipe serves as president of the Codespa Foundation, which finances specific economic and social development activities in Ibero-America and other countries, and serves as president of the Spanish branch of the Association of European Journalists, which is composed of achieving communications professionals. To call for a referendum in the cases provided for in the Constitution. The Head of the Household, Secretary General, and Head of the Military Chamber are considered senior management staff and are compensated at the level of senior government administration officials. "I have had to stand snubs and contempt, incomprehension and annoyances that you, thank God, have not known", reminded the king to his son in one letter. [72], The king took measures to reconcile public confidence in the monarchy. [61], The king was routinely considered one of the top ten most popular figures in Spain,[6] with as many as 80% of Spanish believing Spain's transition to democracy would not have been made possible without the king's personal intervention. In the 15th century, the marriage between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, both members of the House of Trastámara, known as the Catholic Monarchs, united two important kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula. If all lines designated by law become extinct, the constitution reserves the right for the Cortes Generales to provide for the succession "in the manner most suitable for Spain". [109] Aides-de-camp are drawn from all of the services, from the Army, from the Navy, from the Air Force, and from the Civil Guard. This legal convention mirrors the concept of sovereign immunity which evolved in similar constitutional monarchies. The Spanish monarchy is currently represented by King Felipe VI, Queen Letizia, and their daughters Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infan… [15] Juan Carlos, known as a keen yachtsman, was presented with a yacht by the Balearic Islands and a consortium of local business leaders in 2001 as part of an effort to further associate the royal family with the islands, and to promote the islands as a tourist destination. The reign of Philip II of Spain marked the peak of the Spanish Golden Age (1492–1659), a period of great colonial expansion and trade. [71][86] In the wake of the scandal surrounding the Duke of Palma de Mallorca, the king spoke in his 2011 Christmas Eve National Speech that no-one is above the law. Title II Article 56 the monarch is the "arbitrator and moderator of the regular functioning of the institutions" (". Paving the way, in 2006 King Juan Carlos issued a decree reforming the succession to noble titles from male preference primogeniture to absolute primogeniture. The 52-year-old monarch has suspended his duties for 10 day after the Zarzuela palace confirmed he had been in contact on Sunday with an unidentified person who subsequently tested positive for the illness. The Castilian Civil War (1366 to 1369) ended with the death of King Peter (r. 1334–1369) at the hands of his illegitimate half-brother Henry, 1st Count of Trastámara who ruled as Henry II (r. 1369–1379). Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. With the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, Ferdinand set aside the Salic Law, introduced by Philip V, that prohibited women from becoming sovereigns of Spain. Additionally, if the Government loses the confidence of the Cortes, then it must resign. [1] Constitutionally the monarch embodies and personifies the "indissoluble" unity and permanence of the Spanish State, and represents the legal personality of the State and by extension fulfills the role of "Father of the Nation". As the reigning monarch the king of Spain has absolute sovereign immunity, he cannot be charged in any court of law in the Spanish state. The Spanish monarch is personally immune from prosecution for acts committed by government ministers in the king's name. After sixteen years without monarchy or kingdom, in 1947, Spain was made a Kingdom again by General Franco, who claimed to rule Spain as Head of state of the Kingdom of Spain through the Law of Succession. [109] Additionally, the annual budget pays for the maintenance and expenses of senior members of the royal family who undertake royal duties; which includes grocery, clothing, and toiletries allotments. [15] Juan Carlos did not preside over ceremonies such as the opening of hospitals and bridges as often as monarchs in other nations. Product ID: 678327 / SCAN-TT-00678327. The Monarchy of Spain (Spanish: Monarquía Española), constitutionally referred to as The Crown (Spanish: La Corona), is a constitutional institution and the highest office of Spain. The King of Spain shared an awkard embrace with the Queen as the Spanish royal couple arrived at Horse Guards Parade on their state visit . However, criticism grew increasingly strident towards many senior members of the royal family as investigations continued to dominate headlines throughout 2013. [28][29][30][31] All successive politicians remain active within politics. Charles II had designated his sister Maria Theresa's grandson, Philip of France, Duke of Anjou, as his heir. [19] Following the second vote, if confidence by the Cortes is still unreached, then the monarch again meets with political leaders and the Speaker, and submits a new nominee for a vote of confidence.

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